Electrochemistry

Carbon Nanostructures and Devices

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A carbon–carbon bond is a covalent bond betwixt two carbon atoms. The most common form is the single bond: a bond composed of two electrons, one from individual of the two atoms. The carbon–carbon single bond is a sigma bond and is composed between one hybridized orbital from each of the carbon atoms. Fullerene is a pattern of carbon having a large spheroidal molecule consisting of a hollow cage of sixty or more atoms, of which buckminsterfullerene was the first known example. Fullerenes are formed chiefly by the action of an arc discharge between carbon electrodes in an inert atmosphere. A carbon nanotube is a tube-shaped substantial, made of carbon, having a diameter measuring on the nanometre scale. A nanometre is one-billionth of a meter, or about 10,000 times lesser than a human hair. CNT are unique because the bonding between the atoms is very strong and the tubes can have intense aspect ratios. Carbon Nanoparticles are about 10nm in size and amorphous. Optical spectroscopy of carbon nanoparticles gives data about the band structure. Carbon nanoparticles are being explored widely for use in cancer treatment. Carbon nanoparticles have also been applied to develop high-capacity lithium sulphur batteries. The use of a sulphur-nanocarbon electrode grants the battery call to leverage the high lithium storage capacity of sulphur atoms, whilst maintaining high electron mobility through the carbon nanoparticle matrix.